S.No	Course No	Title	Credit Hours	Nos
1	Phy.Chem:811	Surface Chemistry	3	13
2	Phy.Chem:812	Electrodics	3	14
3	Phy.Chem:813	Thermochemistry and Thermochemical Energetics	3	15
4	Phy.Chem:814	Heterogeneous Catalysis: II-Applications	3	16
17	Phy.Chem:815	Ion Exchange	3	17
18	Phy.Chem:816	Radiation Chemistry	3	18
19	Phy.Chem:817	Aquatic Chemistry	3	19
20	Phy.Chem:818	Modern Chromatographic Techniques	3	20
21	Phy.Chem:819	Tribology	3	21
22	Phy.Chem:820	Photochemistry	3	22
23	Phy.Chem:821	Gas phase Uni-molecular Reactions	3	23
24	Phy.Chem:822	Mass Spectrometry	3	24
25	Phy.Chem:823	Modern Gas Kinetics Techniques	3	25
26	Phy.Chem:824	Physical Organic Chemistry	3	26
27	Phy.Chem:825	Special topics in Physical Chemistry	1	-
28	Phy.Chem:826	Term paper	1	-
29	Phy.Chem:827	Seminar	1	-

Phys. Chem. 811
Credit Hours: 3.0
Title :   Surface Chemistry

1. Introduction

The behavior of solid/gas, solid/liquid, liquid/gas and Liquid/liquid interfaces/Adsorption interfacial, tension, applications of surface Chemistry.

1. Solid/Gas Interface

Adsorption of gases on solids, fundamental equation of adsorption.Henry, frundlich, Temkin, BET isotherms and their properties.Thermodynamics of gas adsorption spectroscopic studies of adsorption.

1. Solid/Liquid Interface

Contact angles and wetting , wetting agents, Detergency. Ore Flotation, Adsorption from solution, Composite isotherms and their interpretation.

1. Liquid/Gas & Liquid/Liquid Interfaces

Adsorption and orientation at interfaces, Surfactants Gibbs adsorption equation and its applications Micells.Mono-molecular films.

1. Charged Interfaces

The Electrical double layer, HelmHotz, Chapman and Stern Treatment of EDL. The surface  charged chemistry of oxide / water interfaces. Theory of double layer of adsorption of organic compounds.

Recommended Books

1	M. J. Cock G. D. Parfitt	Chemistry of Interfaces E. Harward, 1981
2	J. Oscik	Adsorption E. Harward, 1982.
3	D. J. J. Shaw	Introduction to colloid and Surface Chemistry Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992.
4	A.W. Adamson A. Gast	Physical Chemistry of Surfaces J. Wiley, 1999
5	W. Stuman L. Sigg B. Sulzlarger	Chemistry of the Solid-water Interface J. Wiley, 1992.
6	Heimerz* R. Gopalan	Principles of Colloids and Surface chemistry Marcel Dekker, 1997.

Phys. Chem. 812
Credit Hours: 3.0
Title:   Electodics

 

1	Voltametry: Current voltage curve, Reversible and irreversible electrode processes, Factors contributing voltage, Different kinds of overvoltages, Hydrogen and oxygen overvoltage, Butler Volmer equation for simple electron transfer reactions, Transfer coefficient exchange current density, Rate constants, Tafel equation
2	Electrical Double Layer: Theory of electrical double layer, Capacity of double layer and its determination, electrocapilirity,
3	Polarography: Principles and applications, Limitation of conventional polarography, applications of polarographic measurements, Different types of polarographic waves and their characteristics.
4	Modern Electro Analytical Techniques: AC polarography, Square wave polarography, RF polarography, Normal and differential pulse polarography.
5	Corrosion: Corrosion and passivation, prevention of corrosion
6	Fuel Cells: Principles, Applications

 

 

Recommended Books

1	J. O. Bockris, A. K. N. Reddy	Modern Electrochemistry, Plenum, New York, 1970
2	C. M. A. Brett and A, M, O, Brett	Electrochemistry: Principles, Methods, and Applications Oxford, 1993
3	F, Scholz (Ed.)	Electroanalytical Methods: Guide to Experiments and Applications Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2002

Course No.:Phy.chem:813
Credit Hours:3
Title: Thermochemistry and Thermochemical Energetics

Introduction:
Specification of chemical processes and thermodynamic properties, Thermo-chemical investigations: calorimetric part           and chemical part. Temperature dependence of the heat of reaction, Assignment of temperature to chemical process.

Theoretical Background:

Units of energy, Thermo-chemical conversion, Heat of a        process, Heats of Formation, Heat of solution and dilution, Heat of ionization, Heat of fusion and of transformation

Thermochemistry of Bonds:

Energy changes in heats of reaction, Definition of bond and bond strengths, chemical bond enthalpy and bond energies. Heat of bond dissociation, dissociation energies, Crystal energies.

Experimental  Methods:

Thermogravimetry, Differential thermal analysis and Differential scanning calorimetry, thermochemical, Dynamic, Mechanical and thermoelectric methods, Calorimetry, simultaneous thermal analysis techniques.

Computational Thermochemistry:

Scope and Overview,  Empirivcal Estimation Methods, Current Status of Group Addivity, Limitation of Group Additivity, Molecular Mechanics, Quantum Mechanical Methods.

Recommended Books

 

1	P. Haines	Principles of Thermal analysis and Calaorimetry Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002.
2	F. D. Rossini	Experimental Thermochemistry Interscience, 1956
3	H.A Skinner	Thermochemistry and thermodynamics, MTP International Review of Science, Physical ChemistrySeries One, Vol. 10 University Park Press, Baltimore, 1972
4	K. K. Irikura D. J. Frurip	Computational Thermochemistry, Prediction and Estimation of Molecular Thermodynamics ACS Symposium Series 677, 1966.

Course No.: Phy.Chem: 814
Credit Hours: 3

Title: HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS: II-Applications

 

1	Quantitative Aspects of Catalysis by Metals The reactions that metal catalyze, The Volcano Principle.
2	Heterogeneous Catalysts: Structure, Preparation and Uses Catalyst for industrial processes: general requirements, Catalytic reactors and physical form of catalysts, Composition and manufacture of industrial catalysts: general considerations, Supported metal catalysts, Unsupported metals for use in liquid media.
3	Heterogeneous Catalysis in Action Catalysis in energy conversion and in the production of hydrocarbon feed stock, Reactions on acidic solids and bifunctional catalysts: the petroleum Industry, Oxidation catalysis: The Petrochemical Industry, Catalysis in the inorganic chemical industry, Catalysis in Atmospheric Pollution Control.

Recommended Readings:

1	M. Bowker	Basics and Application of Heterogeneous Catalysis Oxford, 1998
2	B.C. Gates	Catalytic chemistry John Wiley, 1992
3	G.C.Bond	Heterogeneous Catalysis: Principals and applications, Oxford, 1987
4	M. Boudart and G.D. Mariadassou	Kinetics of Heterogeneous catalytic reactions, Princeton, 1984.

Course No.: Phys. Chem.815

Credit Hours: 3.0

Title: Ion Exchange

 

1	Introduction:
	Ion exchange reactions, matrix and functional groups, Capacity, Physical structure, Properties of I.E. resins.
2	Equilibria:
	Swelling, Distribution of ions between solvents and exchanger, Donnan potential, I.E.Isotherms, Selectivity, Chelating resins, Physico-chemical Models, Ligand, Exchange.
3	Kinetics:
	Mechansim of I.e. processes, Rate laws of ion exchange and diffusion in porous media.
4	Column Processes:
	Break through curves. Sorption Fronts, Hydrodynamic effects, Quantitative treatment.
5	Applications:
	Purification of gases, Dual temperature separations Hydrometallurgy, Medical applications, catalysis by ion exchangers

.

 

Recommended Books

1	F. Heltferich	Ion Exchange Denver, N. Y., 1995
2	W. Rleman H.F. Walton	Ion Exchange in Analytical Chemistry Pergamon, 1970
3	A.E. Rodri	Ion Exchange, Science & Technology MartinusNijhoff, Dordecht, 1986
4	C. E. Harland	Ion exchange: Theory and Practical Springer Verlag, NY, 1994
5	D.L. Sparks	Environmental Soil Chemistry Academic, 1995

Course No. Phy.Chem: 816

Credit Hours: 3.0
Title: Radiation Chemistry

1	INTRODUCTION
	General features of radiation chemistry, comparison of radiation chemistry with photochemistry, development of radiation chemistry.
2	INTERACTION OF IONIZING RADIATION WITH MATTER
	Sources of ionizing radiation, natural occuring phenomena, man-made sources, characteristics of x-rays, B-rays and    -rays, Interaction of electromagnetic radiation, electrons, neutrons and heavy charged particles with matter.
3	RADIATION DOSIMETRY
	Dosimetric terms and units, calorimetry, ionization measurements, dosimetry for charged particles and neutrons, chemical dosimetry, Fricke dosimeter and other chemical dosimeters, plastic dosimetry, film dosimetry, fluorescence dosimetry.
4	WATER AND AQUEOUS SYSTEMS
	Radiolysis of liquid water, reactive species produced on radiolysis of water and aqueous solutions, characteristics of hydrated electron, hydrogen atom and hydroxyl radicals, radiation chemistry of some important aqueous systems, ferrous sulphate, ceric sulphate, ferrocynide, halide ions and organic systems.
5	APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION CHEMISTRY
	Comparison of radiation chemical processes with conventional processes, industrial chemical synthesis, sterilization of medical products, food irradiation, radiation polymerization, pollution control of water and combustion flue gases.

RECOMMENDED READINGS

 

1	A.K. Pikave R.J.Woods	Applied Radiation Chemistry Wiley, New York, 1994.
2	S.W.T. Spinks R. J. Woods	An Introduction to Radiation Chemistry Wiley, New York, 1990.
3	A.J. Swallow	Radiation Chemistry Longman, London, 1973.
4	Multi-Authors	Proceeding of state-of-the-art symposium in radiation chemistry J. Chemical Education, Vol. 58, No. 2 February 1981
5	M.S. Matheson L. M. Dorfman	Pulse Radiolysis MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1969.
6	F. A .J. Rodgers	Radiation Chemistry, Principles and Applications VCH, N.Y., 1987.

Course No.  Phy.Chem: 817

Credit Hours: 3.0
Title: Aquatic Chemistry

 

1	Introduction
	Goals of the course, water cycle. Influence of man on natural waters. Biogeochemistry and environmental problems.
2	Review of Kinetics
	Rate laws, Mechanisms, Factors affecting rates of reactions. Examples from Aquatic chemistry.
3	Review of Thermodynamics
	Basic relationships. Free energy and chemical change, Chemical potentials. External factors affecting equilibrium, Non-ideal behavior.
4	Acids and Bases
	Basic relationships. PC-pH  diagrams, Buffers and buffer capacity, Acidity and alkalinity, Carbonate system. Changes in solution chemistry with the addition of strong acids or bases.
5	Coordination chemistry
	Complex stability, Metal ion hydrolysis, Inorganic and organic complexes in natural and polluted water.
6	Precipitation and Dissolution
	Solubility product, Common ion effect, Solubility of salts of weak acids and bases, competitive Effects, Carbonate system, Phosphate system.
7	Oxidation Reduction Reaction
	Redox equilibria, Pc-PC diagrams, Iron chemistry including corrosion and acid mine drainage, Chlorine chemistry, Biological Redox reactions, Redox Chemistry of water.

Recommended Books

 

1	W. Stumm J J.Morgan	Aquatic Chemistry2nd Edition John Wiley, 1981.
2	V. L. Snoeylnk D. Jenkins	Water Chemistry John Wiley, 1980.
3	J.  F. Pankow.	Aquatic chemistry Problems, Lewis Publishers

 

Course No: Phy. Chem./818
Credit Hours:  3.0
Title:  Modern Chromatographic Techniques

1. Fundamental Relationships of Chromatography:

Retention time, Flow in porous media, Band Broadening mechanism, Parameters affecting resolution, Peak shape models, Retention index system.

1. Gas chromatograph:

Gas liquid chromatography, Preparation of packed columns, Performance evaluation of packed columns, contribution of interfacial adsorption to retention in gas liquid chromatography, Bonded Liquid phases, Porous polymer beads, Gas solid chromatography, Micropacked columns, Capillary columns, The mobile phases in gas chromatography. Instrumental requirements for gas chromatography.Detectors in gas chromatography and their applications.Qualitative and Quantitative analysis in gas chromatography.

1. Liquid Chromatography:

Selection of separation methods, column packing for High Performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), column preparation, Column testing and evaluation, Mobile phase selection in HPLC, Liquid solid chromatography, Polar bonded phases, Reversed phase chromatography, Size exclusion chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography, Ion chromatography, Instrumental requirements for HPLC, High pressure pumps, Detectors for HPLC and their applications, Data acquisition and signal processing, Quantitative analysis, High performance thin layer chromatography.

1. Techniques of preparative  scale chromatography:

Gas chromatography, Low  and medium pressure liquid Chromatography, High pressure liquid chromatography Countercurrent chromatography.

1. Hyphenated techniques for identification after chromatographic separation.

Interfacing a gas chromatograph to mass spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, Interfacing liquid chromatograph to a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, Gas chromatography-optical emission spectroscopy.

Recommended Books

1	James N. Martin	Gas chromatographic Techniques and Applications CRC Press, 2001.
2	K. Jinno	Chromatographic Separations Based on Molecular Recognition, Wiley-VCH, 1997.
3	Klaus K. Unger,	Packings and Stationary Phases in Chromatographic Techniques Marcel Dekker, 1990.
4	C.F. Poole,	Chromatography Today, Elsevier, 1991.
5	Stavros Kromidas	Practical Problem Solving in HPLC , John Wiley, 2000.

Course No:Phy-Chem. 819
Credit hours: 3
Title: Tribology

1.         Introduction:
Definition, history and importance of tribology; tribology as a multidisciplinary subject; nanotribology and biotribology.

2.         Tribological materials:
Ferrous metals and alloys, nonferrous and alloys, ceramics, cermets, plastics,
composites, role of materials mismatch in performance of machine.

3.         Engine components:
Types, construction, operation, and maintenance of bearings, gears, and pistons.

4.         Wear:
Wear theories; types of wear; wear of metals, ceramics, and polymers; antiwear measures for the machine components during operation.

5.         Friction:
Fundamental aspect of friction; types and causes of friction; advantages and disadvantages of friction.

6.         Lubricants:
History of lubricants; mineral oil based lubricants; vegetable oil based lubricants; lubricating greases; solid lubricants; lubricants additives; commercial lubricants; types of lubrication [hydrostatic lubrication, boundary lubrication, extreme pressure lubrication]

7.         Viscosity:
Role of viscosity in lubricity of lubricating oils, viscosity index, viscosity index improvers, Newton Concentric Cylinder Experiment, flow of lube oils through a slot; flow of lube oil through a capillary; description and working of viscous oil based hydrostatic step bearings.

8.         Tribometers:
Working principles, construction, and operation of various tribometers, such as Four-ball wear tester, ball-on-cylinder wear tester, pen-on-disc wear tester.

9.         Current trend in tribology research:
Development of new antiwear additives for lubricating oils and greases; production of environmental friendly lubricants for the industries and automobile; importance of nanoscience and nanotechnology research in tribology; world-wide role of society of automotive engineers [SAE], and American Standard of testing materials lubrication chemists and engineers, nanoparticles as solid antiwear additives, development of light weight composites for making high performance machine components.

 

Recommended books

1	E. Rabinowiez	Friction and Wear of Materials,John Wiley, 1995.
2	T.Mang,W. Dresel	Lubricants and Lubrication, Wiley-VCH, 2001
3	B. Bhushan	Modern Tribology Handbook,  CRC Press, 2000
4	F. P. Bowden, D. Tabor	The Friction and Lubrication of Solids,Oxford, 1996.
5	B. Bhushan	Introduction to Tribology, J. Wiley, 2002
6	E. R. Booser	Tribology Data Handbook: An Excellent Friction, Lubrication and Wear Resource, CRC Press

 

Course No:  Phy.Chem. 820

Credit Hours: 3.0

Title: Photochemistry

 

1. PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES

Definition, Interaction of light with chemical systems, Characteristics of photochemical reactions. Energy states of molecules. Types of excitation, Electronic states, Absorption, Emissions, Phosphorescence, Triplet state.Delayed fluorescence, Energy –level diagram, The Frank-Condon principle.

1. ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS

Uni and bimolecular reactions, photo oxidation, Reduction and conduction, chemiluminescence, Reduction of salts.

1. LAB. TECHNIQUES

Irradiation, Actinometery, Spectrometry, Flash photolysis

1. LASERS

Principle of Lasers, Working, Types of Lasers

 

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1	C.E. Wayne, R. P. Wayne	Photochemistry,  Oxford, 1997
2	N.J. Turo	Molecular Photochemistry, University Science Books, 1991
3	A. Cox, T.J. Kemp	Introductory Photochemistry, McGraw- Hill, 1970

 

Course No: Phy. Chem. 821
Credit Hours: 3.0
Title: Gas Phase Unimolecular Reactions

1. Introduction and Early Theories

General introduction, Experimental study of unimolecular reaction, Potential energy surfaces, Activated complexes and Absolute rate theory.

1. Basic Theories of Unimolecular Reactions

The Lindemann theory, comparison of Lindemann theory with experiment, Hishelwood modification, comparison of Hishelwood-Lindemann theories.The slater theories and its applications. The Rice –Ramsperger-Kassel (RRK) theory, RRKM ( Marcus-Rice) theory. Collision energy transfer in unimolecular reaction system.

1. Application of RRKM Theory

Calculation of activation parameters for the postulated model of unimolecular gas phase reactions, specification of model for the reaction, Use of NIST kinetics database for gas phase unimolecular reactions. Introduction of NIST Chem rate soft ware for RRKM calculations, Application of RRKM to some important classes of compounds related to combustion and environment.

1. Experimental Techniques for unimolecular Reactions

Thermal Activation Techniques( static and single pulse shock tube methods), Chemical Activation, Photo-activation, electric Discharge Methods.

Recommended Books

 

1	KA Holbrook, MJ Pilling, SH Robertson	Unimolecular Reactions, 2nd edition Wiley, 1996
2	T. Baer W. L. Hase	Unimolecular Reaction Dynamics: theory and Experiments Oxford, 1996
3	P. J. Robinson, K. A. Holbrook	Unimolecular Reactions Wiley, 1972

Course No. Phy. Chem. 822

Credit Hours: 3.0

Title: Mass Spectrometry

1. Introduction

 

Atoms, molecules, isotopes, early concepts and experiments, the mass scale and isotopic ratio measurements.

1. Instrumentation

 

Ion source, electron impact chemical ionization, field ionization and field des..photoionization and Resonance, Industively coupled plasma, Laser microscope, Ion bombardment, Californium-252 plasma desorption. Type of spectrophotometers, single magnetic analyzer, the 60,90 and 180 sectors. Electrostatic analyzers.Double focusing spectrometers.Time of flight tandem systems.GC/MS, Jet separators.

1. The principles and Methods of Mass Spectrometry
   • Positive ion production, resolving power, sample introduction, Mass spectra of organic compounds, Qualitative analysis, The measurement of ionization potentials and bond strengths.
   • Typ3es of ions in mass spectra of organic compounds. Parent or molecular ions, fragment ions, meta stable ions, rearrangement ions, multiple charge ions, ions formed in ion molecule reactions.
   • Examples of mass spectra of hydrocarbons, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and halogen containing compounds.

 

1. Application of Mass Spectrometry to various Disciplines

Geochemistry, planetary measurements, metals, glasses, ceramics, composites, electronic materials and devices, Air and water monitoring, agriculture  and  food science, biomedical applications, pharmacology, toxicology and forensic science.

Recommended Books

 

1	Edmond De Hoffmann	Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications, 2nd Edition Vincent Stroobant, 2001.
	J.R. Chapman	Practical Organic Mass Spectrometry John Wiley, 1986.
	R. M. Smith	Understanding Mass Spectra: A Basic Approach, ------------------------(1998).
	S. Facchetti	Mass spectrometry of large molecules, Elsevier, 1985.

 

Phy.chem. 823
Credit Hours: 3.0

Title: Modern Gas Kinetics Techniques

1	Thermal Excitation Techniques
	Introduction, Discharge Flow System, Flash Photolysis, Shock Tubes, Static Thermal and Photochemical Experiments, Bimolecular Reactions, Non-Arrhenius behaviour, Kinetics Isotopes Effects, Unimolecular Reaction, Atomic Recombination.
2	None Thermal Excitation Techniques (Excitation of Products)
	Steady State Chemiluminescence, Kinetic Spectroscopy, Chemical Lasers, Continous Photochemical Activation, Pulse Photochemical Activation, Chemical activation, Selective Excitation in Unimolecular and bimolecular processes.
3	Analysis of Experimental Data
	Introduction, Normally distributed errors, Linear Regression, Propagation and Combination of Errors, Weighing of Data, None-Linear Least Squares Fits, Matrix Techniques, Goodness of Fit.

 

Recommended Books

 

1	G.G. Chernyi	Physical and Chemical Processes in Gas Dynamics: Physical and Chemical Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Gases and Plasmas, Vol. II AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics &Ast, 2004
2	J. E. Nicholas	Chemical Kinetics: A Modern Survey of Gas Reactions Haslted, 1976
3	M.J. Pilling	Modern Gas Kinetics, Theory, Experiment and Application Blackwell Scientific, 1987
4	I. W. Smith	Kinetics and Dynamics of Elementary Gas phase Reactions Butter Worths, 1980

Credit Hours: 3.0

Title: Physical Organic Chemistry

Part-1

BASIC CONCEPTS FOR UNDERSTANDING MECHANISM
OF REACTIONS

Chemical Reaction and Energy changes, Kinetic studies.The reaction medium.Acids and bases.Structure reactivity relationship.Linear Gibes Free Energy relations.Quantum chemistry and the molecular orbital methods, spectroscopy.

Part-II

SPECIFIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS

 

Aliphatic nueleophilic substitution, elimination reactions.Addition reactions, Aromatic substitution to the carbonyl group and related reactions, Esters and related compounds, Molecular rearrangement. Free radical and photochemical reactions, Pericyclic reactions.

RECOMMENDED READINGS

1	N.S. Issacs	Physical Organic Chemistry Benjamin/Cummings, 1995.
2	H. Maskil	The physical basis of organic chemistry Oxford, 1986
3	A. Pross	Theoretical and Physical Principles of Organic Reactivity John Wiley,1995.
4	A. Liberates	Theoretical Organic Chemistry McMillion, 1968